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loess plateau
The Loess Plateau (), also known as the Huangtu Plateau, is a plateau that covers an area of some 640,000 km² in the upper and middle reaches of China's Yellow River. Loess is the name for the silty sediment that has been deposited by wind storms on the plateau over the ages. Loess is a highly erosion-prone soil that is susceptible to the forces of wind and water; in fact, the soil of this region has been called the "most highly erodible soil on earth".〔John M. Laflen, ''Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming'', 2000, CRC Press, 736 pages ISBN 0-8493-2349-5〕 The Loess Plateau and its dusty soil cover almost all of Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces, as well as parts of Gansu province, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
==History==
Historically the Loess Plateau has provided simple yet insulated shelter from the cold winter and hot summer in the region, as homes called ''yaodong'' (窰洞) were often carved into the loess soil; in medieval times people stayed here to grow rice; some families still live in this kind of shelter in modern times. During the 1556 Shaanxi earthquake, 830,000 people were killed as a result of collapsing loess caves. The ''yaodong''s that are best known to the world are perhaps those in Yan'an where the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong headquartered in 1930s. When Edgar Snow, the author of ''Red Star Over China'', visited Mao and his party, he lived in a ''yaodong''. In ancient times, this region was also an important center of the Silk Road.〔Susan Whitfield, ''Life Along the Silk Road'', 2001, University of California Press, 253 pages ISBN 0-520-23214-3〕 Goods moving by caravan to the west included gold, rubies, jade, textiles, coral, ivory, and art works. In the opposite direction moved bronze weapons, furs, ceramics, and cinnamon bark.〔(C.Michael Hogan,''Silk Road, North China'', The Megalithic Portal, ed. A. Burnham )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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